Simenti ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ bụ ngwa ahụike nke a na-ejikarị na ịwa ahụ ọkpụkpụ. A na-ejikarị ya edozi prostheses nkwonkwo arụrụ arụ, mejupụta oghere ọkpụkpụ, ma nye nkwado na nhazi na ọgwụgwọ mgbaji. Ọ na-ejupụta oghere dị n'etiti nkwonkwo arụrụ arụ na anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ, na-ebelata ike ọgwụgwụ ma na-ekesa nchekasị, ma na-eme ka mmetụta nke ịwa ahụ dochie anya nkwonkwo.
Ihe kacha eji mbọ ciment ọkpụkpụ bụ:
1. Ndozi mgbaji: Enwere ike iji ciment ọkpụkpụ mejupụta ma dozie ebe mgbawa.
2. Ịwa ahụ Orthopedic: N'ịwa ahụ ọkpụkpụ, a na-eji ciment ọkpụkpụ na-arụzi ma na-arụzi ebe nkwonkwo.
3. Nrụzi ntụpọ ọkpụkpụ: ciment ọkpụkpụ nwere ike mejupụta ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ ma kwalite ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ.
Dị ka o kwesịrị, ciment ọkpụkpụ kwesịrị inwe àgwà ndị a: (1) injectability zuru oke, ihe ndị nwere ike ime mmemme, njikọta, na rediopacity maka njikwa njikwa kacha mma; (2) ike igwe zuru oke maka nkwado ozugbo; (3) porosity zuru oke iji kwe ka mgbasa nke mmiri, ịkwaga cell, na ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ ọhụrụ; (4) ezigbo osteoconductivity na osteoinductivity iji kwalite ọkpụkpụ ọhụrụ; (5) biodegradability na-agafeghị oke iji kwekọọ na resorption nke ihe ciment ọkpụkpụ na ọkpụkpụ ọhụrụ; na (6) ikike ịnye ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
N'afọ ndị 1970, a na-eji ciment ọkpụkpụ mee ihenkwonkwondozi prosthesis, na enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe ndochi anụ ahụ na ndozi na orthopedics na dentistry. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ciment ọkpụkpụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe na nyocha gụnyere polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement ọkpụkpụ, simenti ọkpụkpụ calcium phosphate na calcium sulfate ọkpụkpụ ciment. Ugbu a, ụdị ciment ọkpụkpụ a na-ejikarị gụnyere polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) ciment ọkpụkpụ, calcium phosphate bone ciment na calcium sulfate bone ciment, n'ime nke a na-ejikarị simenti ọkpụkpụ PMMA na calcium phosphate ọkpụkpụ ciment. Otú ọ dị, simenti ọkpụkpụ sulfate calcium adịghị arụ ọrụ ndụ na-adịghị mma na enweghị ike ịmepụta njikọ kemịkalụ n'etiti calcium sulfate grafts na ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ, ọ ga-eweda ngwa ngwa. Calcium sulfate ọkpụkpụ simenti nwere ike banye kpamkpam n'ime izu isii ka etinyechara ya n'ime ahụ. Nbibi ngwa ngwa a adabaghị na usoro nhazi ọkpụkpụ. Ya mere, e jiri ya tụnyere calcium phosphate ọkpụkpụ ciment, mmepe na ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ nke calcium sulfate ọkpụkpụ simenti dị oke oke. PMMA ọkpụkpụ simenti bụ acrylic polima kpụrụ site na ịgwakọta ihe abụọ mejupụtara: mmiri mmiri methyl methacrylate monomer na dynamic methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer. Ọ nwere obere ihe fọdụrụ na monomer, obere ike ọgwụgwụ na mgbawa nrụgide, ma nwee ike ime ka ọkpụkpụ ọhụrụ na-ebelata ma belata mmeghachi omume ọjọọ kpatara mgbaji na ike dị elu na plasticity. Akụkụ bụ isi nke ntụ ntụ ya bụ polymethyl methacrylate ma ọ bụ methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, na isi ihe na-eme ka mmiri mmiri ahụ bụ methyl methacrylate monomer.
PMMA ọkpụkpụ ciment nwere nnukwu ike ike na plasticity, na-esiwanye ike ngwa ngwa, n'ihi ya, ndị ọrịa nwere ike isi n'àkwà bilie ma rụọ ọrụ nhazigharị ngwa ngwa mgbe ịwachara ahụ. Ọ nwere ọdịdị dị mma nke plastik, onye na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike ịrụ plastik ọ bụla tupu ciment ọkpụkpụ agbasie ike. Ngwa ahụ nwere arụmọrụ nchekwa dị mma, ma ọ dịghị emebi ma ọ bụ na-etinye ya n'ahụ mmadụ mgbe emechara ya. Ọdịdị kemịkalụ kwụsiri ike, a na-amatakwa akụrụngwa akụrụngwa.
Otú ọ dị, ọ ka nwere ụfọdụ adịghị ike, dị ka mgbe ụfọdụ na-eme ka nrụgide dị elu n'ime oghere ụmị ọkpụkpụ n'oge ejuputa, na-eme ka abụba abụba banye n'ime arịa ọbara ma mee ka embolism. N'adịghị ka ọkpụkpụ mmadụ, nkwonkwo arụrụ arụ ka nwere ike na-atọpụ ka oge na-aga. PMMA monomers na-ahapụ okpomọkụ n'oge polymerization, nke nwere ike imebi anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ sel ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Ihe ndị mejupụtara ciment ọkpụkpụ nwere ụfọdụ cytotoxicity, wdg.
Ihe ndị dị na ciment ọkpụkpụ nwere ike ịkpata mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị, dị ka ọkụ ọkụ, urticaria, dyspnea na mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ, na n'ọnọdụ siri ike, ujo anaphylactic nwere ike ime. Ekwesịrị ịme nyocha nke nrịanrịa tupu ejiri ya iji zere mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị ahụ. Mmeghachi omume ọjọọ na ciment ọkpụkpụ gụnyere mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị simenti ọkpụkpụ, ntapu ciment ọkpụkpụ, ịgbasa ciment ọkpụkpụ na nkwụsị. Mwepu simenti ọkpụkpụ nwere ike ịkpata mbufụt nke anụ ahụ na mmeghachi omume na-egbu egbu, ma nwee ike imebi irighiri akwara na arịa ọbara, na-ebute nsogbu. Ndozi ciment ọkpụkpụ bụ nnọọ ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya ma nwee ike ịdịru ihe karịrị afọ iri, ma ọ bụ ọbụna karịa afọ iri abụọ.
Ịwa ahụ simenti ọkpụkpụ bụ ịwa ahụ nke na-adịkarị ntakịrị, na aha sayensị ya bụ vertebroplasty. Simenti ọkpụkpụ bụ ihe eji eme ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe dị mma tupu ịkwado ya. Ọ nwere ike ịbanye na vertebrae n'ụzọ dị mfe site na agịga ahụ, wee gbasaa n'akụkụ mgbaji mgbaji dị n'ime ahụ nke vertebrae; ciment ọkpụkpụ na-esiwanye ike n'ime ihe dị ka nkeji 10, na-arapagidesi ike n'ime ọkpụkpụ, na ciment ọkpụkpụ siri ike nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nkwado n'ime ọkpụkpụ, na-eme ka vertebrae sie ike. Usoro ọgwụgwọ dum na-ewe naanị 20-30 nkeji.
Iji zere mgbasa mgbe ịgbanye ciment ọkpụkpụ, arụpụtara ụdị ngwaọrụ ịwa ahụ ọhụrụ, ya bụ ngwaọrụ vertebroplasty. Ọ na-eme obere mbepụ n'azụ onye ọrịa ma na-eji agịga ntụpọ pụrụ iche na-agbapụta ahụ vertebral site na akpụkpọ ahụ n'okpuru nlekota X-ray iji guzobe ọwa na-arụ ọrụ. Mgbe ahụ, a na-etinye balloon iji kpụzie ahụ vertebral gbajiri agbaji, wee gbanye ciment ọkpụkpụ n'ime ahụ vertebral iji weghachi ọdịdị ahụ vertebral gbajiri agbaji. A na-ejikọta ọkpụkpụ a kagburu na vertebral ahụ site na mgbasa balloon iji mepụta ihe mgbochi iji gbochie ntapu ciment ọkpụkpụ, ebe ọ na-ebelata nrụgide n'oge ntụtụ ciment ọkpụkpụ, si otú ahụ na-ebelata nkwụsị nke ciment ọkpụkpụ. Ọ nwere ike ibelata nsogbu ndị metụtara mgbaji akwa ụra, dị ka oyi baa, ọnya nrụgide, ọrịa urinary tract, wdg, ma gbanarị usoro ọjọọ nke osteoporosis nke ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ kpatara n'ihi ụra ogologo oge.
Ọ bụrụ na a na-eme PKP ịwa ahụ, onye ọrịa kwesịrị izu ike n'ihe ndina n'ime awa 2 mgbe a wachara ya ahụ, ma nwee ike ịtụgharị na axis. N'ime oge a, ọ bụrụ na enwere mmetụta na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ ihe mgbu na-aga n'ihu na-akawanye njọ, a ga-agwa dọkịta n'oge.
Mara:
① Zere nnukwu ntụgharị n'úkwù na ịgbagọ;
② Zere ịnọdụ ala ma ọ bụ guzoro ogologo oge;
③ Zenarị ibu ibu ma ọ bụ na-ehulata ibu ihe n'ala;
④ Zere ịnọdụ ala na stool dị ala;
⑤ Gbochie ọdịda na nlọghachi nke mgbaji.
Oge nzipu: Nov-25-2024
