Simenti ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ịwa ahụ ọkpụkpụ. A na-ejikarị ya arụ ọrụ iji dozie ihe e ji arụ nkwonkwo arụ, mejupụta oghere ntụpọ ọkpụkpụ, ma nye nkwado na ndozi n'ọgwụgwọ mgbawa. Ọ na-emeju oghere dị n'etiti nkwonkwo arụrụ arụ na anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ, na-ebelata iyi ma na-agbasa nrụgide, ma na-eme ka mmetụta nke ịwa ahụ nnọchi nkwonkwo dịkwuo mma.
Ojiji isi eji mbọ simenti ọkpụkpụ eme ihe bụ:
1. Ndozi mgbawa ọkpụkpụ: Enwere ike iji simenti ọkpụkpụ mejupụta ma dozie ebe mgbawa ahụ dị.
2. Ịwa Ahụ Ọkpụkpụ: N'ịwa Ahụ Ọkpụkpụ, a na-eji simenti ọkpụkpụ arụzi ma wughachi elu nkwonkwo.
3. Ndozi nsogbu ọkpụkpụ: Simenti ọkpụkpụ nwere ike imeju ntụpọ ọkpụkpụ ma kwalite mmụba nke anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ.
N'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị, simenti ọkpụkpụ kwesịrị inwe njirimara ndị a: (1) ike ịgba ntụtụ zuru oke, ihe ndị a pụrụ ime, njikọta, na rediopacity maka ihe ndị kacha mma maka njikwa; (2) ike mekaniki zuru oke maka nkwado ozugbo; (3) porosity zuru oke iji kwe ka mmiri na-agagharị, ịkwaga mkpụrụ ndụ, na uto ọkpụkpụ ọhụrụ; (4) ezigbo osteoconductivity na osteoinductivity iji kwalite nhazi ọkpụkpụ ọhụrụ; (5) obere mmebi iji kwekọọ na resorption nke ihe simenti ọkpụkpụ na nhazi ọkpụkpụ ọhụrụ; na (6) ikike nnyefe ọgwụ dị irè.
N'afọ 1970, e ji simenti ọkpụkpụ mee ihe makankwonkwoNdozi ihe e ji arụ ọrụ, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe e ji emeju anụ ahụ na ihe ndozi n'ọkpụkpụ na ezé. Ugbu a, simenti ọkpụkpụ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe ma na-eme nnyocha gụnyere simenti ọkpụkpụ polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), simenti ọkpụkpụ calcium phosphate na simenti ọkpụkpụ calcium sulfate. Ugbu a, ụdị simenti ọkpụkpụ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere simenti ọkpụkpụ polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), simenti ọkpụkpụ calcium phosphate na simenti ọkpụkpụ calcium sulfate, nke simenti ọkpụkpụ PMMA na simenti ọkpụkpụ calcium phosphate bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Agbanyeghị, simenti ọkpụkpụ calcium sulfate enweghị ọrụ bayoloji na-adịghị mma ma enweghị ike ịmepụta njikọ kemịkalụ n'etiti grafts calcium sulfate na anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ, ọ ga-emebi ngwa ngwa. A pụrụ ịmịnye simenti ọkpụkpụ calcium sulfate kpamkpam n'ime izu isii mgbe etinyere ya n'ahụ. Mmebi ngwa ngwa a adabaghị na usoro nhazi ọkpụkpụ. Ya mere, ma e jiri ya tụnyere simenti ọkpụkpụ calcium phosphate, mmepe na ojiji ahụike nke simenti ọkpụkpụ calcium sulfate dị oke. Simenti ọkpụkpụ PMMA bụ polymer acrylic nke e mepụtara site na ịgwakọta ihe abụọ: monomer mmiri mmiri methyl methacrylate na methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer. O nwere obere ihe fọdụrụ monomer, obere ike ọgwụgwụ na mgbawa nrụgide, ọ nwekwara ike ịkpalite mmepe ọkpụkpụ ọhụrụ ma belata mmeghachi omume ọjọọ nke mgbawa na ike nrụgide dị elu na plasticity kpatara. Isi ihe dị na ntụ ntụ ya bụ polymethyl methacrylate ma ọ bụ methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, isi ihe dị na mmiri mmiri ahụ bụ methyl methacrylate monomer.
Simenti ọkpụkpụ PMMA nwere ike nrụgide na ike dị elu, ọ na-esikwa ike ngwa ngwa, ya mere ndị ọrịa nwere ike ịpụ n'ihe ndina ma mee ihe omume mgbake n'oge mgbe a wachara ha ahụ. Ọ nwere ọdịdị dị mma nke ukwuu, onye na-arụ ọrụ ahụ nwekwara ike ime ihe ọ bụla dị ka plastik tupu simenti ọkpụkpụ agbaa ike. Ihe a nwere ezigbo arụmọrụ nchekwa, ahụ mmadụ anaghịkwa emebi ma ọ bụ amịkọrọ ya mgbe ọ kpụchara n'ahụ. Ọdịdị kemịkalụ ahụ kwụsiri ike, a na-amatakwa ihe ndị dị na ya.
Agbanyeghị, ọ ka nwere ụfọdụ ọghọm, dịka mgbe ụfọdụ na-akpata nrụgide dị elu n'ime oghere ụmị ọkpụkpụ mgbe a na-ejupụta ya, na-eme ka ụmụ irighiri abụba banye n'ime arịa ọbara ma na-akpata embolism. N'adịghị ka ọkpụkpụ mmadụ, nkwonkwo aka ike ka nwere ike ịtọgbọ ka oge na-aga. Monomers PMMA na-ewepụta okpomọkụ n'oge polymerization, nke nwere ike imebi anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ gbara ya gburugburu. Ihe ndị mejupụtara simenti ọkpụkpụ nwere ụfọdụ ihe na-egbu egbu, wdg.
Ihe ndị dị na simenti ọkpụkpụ nwere ike ibute mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ, dịka ihe ọkụ ọkụ, urticaria, nkụchi afọ na ihe mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ, na n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, ihe mberede anaphylactic nwere ike ime. A ga-eme nnwale nfụkasị ahụ tupu ejiri ya iji zere mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ. Mmeghachi omume ọjọọ na simenti ọkpụkpụ gụnyere mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ simenti ọkpụkpụ, ntapu simenti ọkpụkpụ, ịtọpụ na mwepụ simenti ọkpụkpụ. Ntapu simenti ọkpụkpụ nwere ike ibute mbufụt anụ ahụ na mmeghachi omume nsí, ma nwee ike imebi akwara na arịa ọbara, na-ebute nsogbu. Ntọala simenti ọkpụkpụ bụ ihe a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi nke ukwuu ma nwee ike ịdịru ihe karịrị afọ iri, ma ọ bụ ọbụna ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ.
Ịwa ahụ simenti ọkpụkpụ bụ ịwa ahụ a na-ahụkarị nke na-anaghị emerụ ahụ nke ukwuu, aha sayensị ya bụ vertebroplasty. Simenti ọkpụkpụ bụ ihe polymer nwere ezigbo mmiri mmiri tupu ọ sie ike. Ọ nwere ike ịbanye n'ime vertebrae ngwa ngwa site na agịga a na-agbapu, wee gbasaa n'akụkụ mgbawa dị n'ime nke vertebrae; simenti ọkpụkpụ na-esi ike n'ime ihe dị ka nkeji iri, na-arapara mgbawa n'ọkpụkpụ, simenti ọkpụkpụ siri ike nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ nkwado n'ime ọkpụkpụ, na-eme ka vertebrae sie ike. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ dum na-ewe naanị nkeji iri abụọ ruo iri atọ.
Iji zere mgbasa mgbe a gbanyere simenti ọkpụkpụ, emepụtala ụdị ngwaọrụ ịwa ahụ ọhụrụ, ya bụ ngwaọrụ vertebroplasty. Ọ na-eme obere mbepụ n'azụ onye ọrịa ma jiri agịga pụrụ iche dụpuo ahụ vertebral site na akpụkpọ ahụ n'okpuru nlekota X-ray iji guzobe ọwa na-arụ ọrụ. Mgbe ahụ, a na-etinye balloon iji kpụọ ahụ vertebral gbawara agbawa, wee gbanye simenti ọkpụkpụ n'ime ahụ vertebral iji weghachi ọdịdị nke ahụ vertebral gbawara agbawa. A na-akpọkọta ọkpụkpụ cancellous dị n'ahụ vertebral site na mgbasa balloon iji mepụta ihe mgbochi iji gbochie ntapu simenti ọkpụkpụ, ebe ọ na-ebelata nrụgide n'oge a na-agba simenti ọkpụkpụ, si otú a na-ebelata ntapu simenti ọkpụkpụ. Ọ nwere ike ibelata nsogbu ndị metụtara ebe izu ike agbaji, dị ka oyi baa, ọnya nrụgide, ọrịa urinary tract, wdg, ma zere usoro osteoporosis nke ọkpụkpụ na-akpata site na mfu ọkpụkpụ n'ihi ezumike ogologo oge.
Ọ bụrụ na a na-awa ahụ PKP, onye ọrịa kwesịrị izu ike n'ihe ndina n'ime awa abụọ ka a wachara ya ahụ, ọ pụkwara ịtụgharị n'akụkụ ya. N'oge a, ọ bụrụ na enwere mmetụta ọ bụla na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ ihe mgbu ahụ ka na-aka njọ, a ga-agwa dọkịta ahụ n'oge.
Rịba ama:
① Zere nnukwu ntụgharị úkwù na ịgbagọ agbagọ;
② Zere ịnọdụ ala ma ọ bụ iguzo ogologo oge;
③ Zere ibu ibu ma ọ bụ ịgbagọ agbagọ iji buru ihe n'ala;
④ Zere ịnọdụ ala n'oche dị ala;
⑤ Gbochie ọdịda na nlọghachi nke mgbawa ọkpụkpụ.
Oge ozi: Nọvemba-25-2024
